COMPONENT BASED TECHNOLOGY (IT-1401)

UNIT-I

TWO MARK QUESTIONS:

1. Define software component.
A software component is a system element offering a predefined serviceable to communicate with other components.
2. Specify the characteristics of object?
Object is a unit of instantiation, it has a unique identity. It may have state and this can be externally observable.
3. What is prototype object?
The object may be implicitly available in the form of an object that already exists. Such a preexisting object is called a prototype object.
4. What is factory object and methods?
Factory objects: It can be an object of its own. Factory methods: Methods on objects that return freshly created other objects are another variation.
COMPONENT BASED TECHNOLOGY (IT-1401)
Modules do not have a concept of instantiation whereas classes do. Modules can be used and always and have been used to package multiple entities.
6. Specify the non-technical aspects that are need in interfaces
A component have multiple interfaces, each representing a service that the component offers.
Redundant introductions of similar interfaces need to be minimized.
Requires a small number of widely accepted unique naming schemes.
7. Define callback.
Callbacks are a common feature in procedural libraries that has to handle asynchronous events.
8. What is component architecture?
Component architecture is the pivotal basis of any large-scale software technology and is of utmost importance for component based systems.
9. Specify some cornerstones of a component architecture.
Interaction between components and their environment is regulated.
The roles of components are defined.

10. Specify the roles of an architecture.

Architecture needs to create simultaneously the basis for independence and cooperation.
An Architecture defines overall invariants.
It needs to be based on the principal considerations of overall functionality
It prescribes proper frameworks for all involved mechanisms.
11. What is the use of conceptual level?
A component framework is a dedicated and focused architecture usually around a few key mechanisms and a fixed set of policies for mechanisms at the component level.
12. Define component framework.
A component framework is a dedicated and focused architecture usually around a few key mechanisms and a fixed set of policies for mechanisms at the component level.
13. What is a resource?
A resource is a frozen collection of typed items.
14. Define middleware.
Middleware is a name for the set of software that sits between various operating systems and a higher distributed programming platform.
15. Categorize the middleware.
Message oriented middleware(MOM).
Object oriented middleware(OOM).

16. What is generative programming?
Generative programming aims at transformations approach to the construction of software.
17. Specify the areas used in generative approaches.
Used to produce individual components.

Used to enhance composed systems.
18. Specify the criteria that is used to fulfill the software definition.

Multiple use
Non-context specific.
Composable with other component.
Encapsulated.
19. Specify the fundamental properties of component technology.
If a component fails to function it must not violate system-wide rules.
Software development processes that do not depending on testing
Performance of a component system is affected in non-trivial ways by the actual composition
Tool interfaces are standardized.

20. What is enhance composed systems and give example.
They need to be positioned in such a way that they do not interfere with the unit of deployment characteristic of components. Eg:JIT technique.

BIG QUESTIONS:

1.Explain the fundamental properties of component technology.

Technological feasibility

Technical problems

Integration and testing

Potential of software components

2. Explain briefly about component architecture.

Role of architecture

A Tiered component architecture

Components and middleware
3. Explain briefly about callbacks with example

Definition

Diagram

Explanation

Eg: Directory service
4. Write short notes on modules, interfaces.

Modules

Interfaces

5. Write short notes on objects and software components.

Software components.

Objects

UNIT II

TWO MARK QUESTIONS:

1. Define Java Bean.
Java Bean is a software component that has been designed to be reusable in a variety of different environment.
2. What are the aspects of the bean model?

Events

Properties

Introspection

Customization

Persistence
3. Give any 4 advantages of java bean?

A bean contain all the benefits of java “Write once,Run anywhere” paradigm

The configuration settings of a bean can be saved in persistence storage and restored at later time.

A bean may register to receive events from other objects.

Auxillary software provided to help a person configure a bean.
4. What is the use of application builder tool?
When working with java beans, most developers use an application builder tool, a utility that enables you to configure a ser of beans , connect them together and produce a working application.
5. What are the major capabilities of application builder tool?

A pallete is provided that lists all of the beans, as additional beans are developed or purchased , they can be added to the palette.

A worksheet is displayed that allows the designer to layout beans in a graphical user interface. A designer may drag and drop a bean from the palette to this worksheet.
6. What are Events?
Bean instances are potential sources or listener of specific types of events. An assembly tool can then connect listeners to sources.
7. What is multicast and unicast semantics?
Unicast semantics – At a time, one listener is active. Multicast semantics - All listeners are active at anytime.

8. Define property?
Property is a discrete named attribute of a bean that can affect its appearance or behaviour.
9.What are the different properties that a bean can define?

Simple

Indexed

Bound

Constrained

12. What is introspection and reflection?
Introspection is used to find out events mthods, properties, standard interface and classes. Reflection is a type of event listener. It is used to analyze software components or software.
13. Write syntax to create jar and manifest file.
For jar file: Jar cf XYZ.jar *. class *.gif For manifest file: Jar cfm XYZ.jar YXZ.mf *.class *.gif.
15. What is the use of manifest file?
Developers much provide a manifest file to indicate which of the components in a JAR file are java beans.
16. Advantageof reflection.

It allows a package (java.lang.reflect) store in class.
It is used to get information at runtime.
17. Which method is used for serializes and deserializes an object.
The method Externalizable is used for serializes and deserializes an object.
18. Specify the methods that are used in Externalizable interface.
Void read External (object input I stream) Throws IOException, classNotFoundException. Void write external(object output out stream)throws to Exception.
19. What is EJB?
EJB is a comprehensive technology that provides the infrastructure for building enterprise level server side distributed java components.
20. Differentiatebetween java bean and EJB.
Java bean approach to composition is connection-oriented programming where as EJB to composition is conventional model of object oriented composition.
21. Specify the varieties of bean.

Session

Stateful
Stateless
Entity
Message driven
22. What are the steps to create a simple bean?

Create subdirectory

Compile the source code

Create the manifest file.

Create jar file

Run
BIG QUESTIONS:
1.Explain the thread lifecycle.

New born state

Running state

Runnable state

Dead state
2. Explain the different properties that a bean can define.
Simple
Indexed
Bound

Constrained
3. Explain object serialization in detail.

Serializable

Externalizable

Object input/stream

Object output/stream

Example
4. What is EJB? Explain about EJB architecture.
Definition
Diagram
Varieties of bean
Entity relationship
5. Write a program to create a color bean by using event handling.
Program
6. Write briefly about distributed object models and RMI.
Definition
Explanation
Example

UNIT III

TWO MARK QUESTIONS:


1. Why we need CORBA?
It is used to solve one fundamental problem-“how can distributed object oriented systems implemented in different languages and running on different platforms?”
2. What are the essential parts of CORBA?

Invocation Interfaces

Object Request Broker

Object Adapters
3. What are the requirements need to work invocation interfaces and object adapters?

All object interfaces need to be described in a common language.

All languages used must have bindings to the common language.
4. What is the use ORB?
An ORB is capable of loading and starting an object servant which receiving invocation requests for an object of that servant.
5. What is responsible of object adapter?
An object adapter is responsible for which servant serves telling an ORB which new object.
6. Differentiate stubs and skeletons.
Sl.no

Stubs Skeletons
1. 2.
Called client side proxy objects. It forwards all invocations through the

ORB to the real target object.
Called server side stubs It directly invokes the target method.


7. Specify the features of SOM.

Meta programming

Binary compatibility
8. Specify any four services supporting enterprise distributed computing.

Naming and trader service.
Event and notification service
Object transaction service
Security service
9. Specify any four services supporting architecture using fine-grained objects?

Concurrency control service
Licensing service
Lifecycle service
Relationship service
Persistent state service
10. What is naming service?
It allows arbitrary names to be associated with an object. Names are unique within a naming context and naming contexts from a hierarchy.
11. What is push model?
In push model the event supplier calls a push method on the event channel, which reacts by calling the push method of all registered consumers.
12. What is pull model?
In pull model the consumers call the pull method of the event channel, effectively pooling the channel for events.
13. What is the life cycle service?
This service supports creation, copying, moving and deletion of objects and related group of objects.
14. What are the features of CCM components?
Ports that are classified into facets, receptacles, event sources and event sinks.
Primary keys, which are values that instances of entity components
Attributes and configuration
Home interfaces
15. What is facet?
A special of CCM components is the equivalent interface, which enables navigation between the different facts of a CCM component.
16. What is Receptacles?
Receptacles provide connect and disconnect operations and internally correspond to object references top other objects of appropriate type.
17. What is home interface?
The home interface is provided by a component, not its instances, and supports the creation of new instances.
18. What is the use of primary keys?
Primary keys which are values that instances of entity components provide to allow client identification of the instances.
19. What is attribute and configuration?
Configuration interfaces support initial configuration of new component instances. They are described as IDL attributes with set and get operations.
20. What is MDA?
The OMG architecture board introduced a new approach called model driven architecture for all forthcoming OMG specifications.

BIG QUESTIONS:


1. Explain briefly about the CORBA services
Services supporting enterprise distributed computing.
Services supporting architecture using fine-grained objects.
2. Explain the CORBA component model.
Portable object adapter
CCM components
CCM containers
3. Write short notes on SOM and MDA.
SOM

Meta programming
Binary compatibility
MDA
4. Explain briefly about IDL interface.
IDL interface
Modules
Data types
5. Explain briefly about CCM components.
Features
Diagram

UNIT-IV

TWO MARK QUESTIONS:


1. Define COM?
COM is binary standard, it specifies nothing about how a particular programming language may be bound to it. COM does not specify what a component or an object is.

3. Name and two interfaces that is used in COM?

Query interface

Iunknown interface
4. What is the use of Query interface method?
Query interface takes the name of an interface, checks if the current COM object supports it, and if so returns the corresponding interface reference.
5. What is the use of Iunknown interface?
The identity of the Iunknown interface can serve to identify the entire COM object with out requiring any specific functionality.
6. What are the methods supported by Iunknown interface?
Query Interface
AddRef
AddRelease
7.Specify the use of HRESULT type.
The type HRESULT is used by most COM interface methods to indicate success or failure to call. It may also indicate network failure.
Interface node OP1 OP2 OPn Component

8. What is AddRef and Release?
On creation of an object or node, the reference count is initialized to 1 before handling out a first reference. Each time a copy of a reference is created the count must be incremented (AddRef). Each time a reference is given up, the count must be decremented (Release).
9. Specify the two forms of object reuse.
Containment
Aggregation
10. What is containment?
Containment is a form of object reuse. It is just the simple object composition technique. One object holds an exclusive reference to another. Here the call is forwarded and handled by another object.
11. What is aggregation?
Aggregation is a form of object reuse. Here instead of forwarding requests, an inner object’s interface reference could be handed out directly to another object’s client.
12. When we use Aggregation?
Aggregation is only useful where the outer object does not wish to intercept calls to perform some filtering or additional processing.
13. Compare COM and DCOM.
DCOM transparently expands the concepts and services of COM. DCOM builds on the client-side proxy objects and the server side stub objects already present in COM.
14. What is outgoing interface?
An outgoing interface is an interface that a COM object would use if it were “connected” to an object that provides this interface.
15. Name the interface that is declared within outgoing interface.
IConnectionPointContainer
IConectionPoint
16. Specify the use of IConnectionPointContainer
? Using IConnectionPointContainer ,the various connection point objects of a connectable object can be found and enumerated.
17. Specify the use ofIConnectionPoint?
IConnectionPoint can be used to establish, enumerate and tear down connections.
18. How the connectable objects implement change propagation?
Connectable objects provide a uniform way to implement change propagation. As outgoing and incoming interfaces are matched, the propagation can take the form of regular method invocations instead of requiring the creation of event objects.
19. Specify the policies that are used to determine the shared assemblies in GAC.
Publisher policy
Application policy
Machine policy
20. What is Appdomains?
The CLR execution engine partitions a process into one or more AppDomains. An AppDomain isolates sets of object from all objects in other appdomain, but is more light weight and cheaper than operating systems.
21. What are contexts?
A context is a partition of an appdomain the member objects, objects of which share the propreties of their contexts.
22. What is reflection?
The CLI reflection support grants full access to the type structure of loaded assemblies including all attributes defined on these types.
23. What is remoting?
The CLI remoting support combines context and reflection infrastructure with flexible support for proxies, channels and messages provide building blocks for a wide variety of communication styles and patterns.

BIG QUESTIONS:


1. Explain the COM services in detail.
Dispatch interfaces
Connectable objects
2. Explain in detail the compound document and OLE.
OLE containers and services
Controls-ActiveXcontrols
3. Explain briefly about the .Net components.
Assemblies
Single application
Shared application
Policies
4. Write short notes on AppDomains, contexts, reflection,remoting
AppDomains
Loading
Unloading
Contexts
Context bound
Context Agile
Reflection
Remoting
5. Explain about dual interface and outgoing interfaces.
Dual interface
Idispatch method
DispID
Outgoing interface
IConnectionPointContainer
IConnectionPoint

UNIT V

TWO MARK QUESTIONS


1. What is component and connectors?
Architecture Description Language(ADL) typically distinguish components and Connectors .Components are mean to provide functionally while connectors focus on connectivity .
2. What is connection oriented approach?
A pure connection oriented approach, all components are restricted to only interact with other components if connected appropriately
3. What is the main difference between earley and later ADL?
Early ADL:were restricted to static connectivity . Later ADL:Added su
pport for dynamic connectivity and dynamic
reconfiguration.
4. What is the use of COM apartments and MTS?
COM apartments are used to separate objects by threading model . MTS contexs are used to separate objects by transational domain
5. What is the use of EJB container?
An EJB container allows a class to be attributed to request explicit transaction control
6. What is CLR context?
The CLR context infrastructure is probably the first mainstream attempt to provide a genuinely extensible infrastructure for contextual composition
7. What are the flavours in CLR objects?

Value types
Pass-by-value type
Pass-by-reference type
Context-bound type
8. What is context bound type?
Context bound types always reside inside a context that is equipped with Appropriate properties. All other objects reside outside of any context and so are context agile
9. What is black box component framework?
The black box component frame work is part of the black box component oriented rapid development tool and component oriented programming environment
10. Why we need black box?
Black box was designed to avoid a single language island syndrome by supporting the standard object model of the underlying platform, most prominently COM on windows platforms
11. Compare OOP and COP.
OOP: addresses the fundamental aspects of programming object oriented solutions COP: addresses the aspects of programming components
12. Specify the things that are required in component programming .
Polymorphism
Modular encapsulation
Late binding and loading
Safety
13. What is caller encapsulation ?
Is the area that benefits from language support is that of interfece definitions . When exposing an interface on a component boundary ,two different intensions may be Involved
14. Specify the two different intensions that are used in caller encapsulation
Component external code may need to invoke operations of the Exposed interface
Component internal code may need to invoke operations that implement the exposed interface
15. What are the problems of asynchrony?
Te natural form of event distribution is multicasting
Event object recipients are themselves free to post new events
The set of recipients could change while a multicast is in process
16. What is multithreading?
It is the concept of supporting multiple sequential activities concurrently over the same state space. The resulting increase in complexity over sequential programming is substantial.
17. What is the use of RAD?
Component development should use rapid application development methods to capture requirements quickly within a working component system
18. What are the two strategies used in component testing tool?
To avoid errors statically wherever possible
To make sure that components are deployed in such a way that faults leave logged traces
19. What is rule of thumb?
A rule of thumb is that most errors that can be caught using automated runtime debugging aids could be statically avoided , had a better language been chosen for the implementation.
20. What is software assembly?
Software assembly is different from hardware assembly in that it is not necessary to assemble individual instances repeatedly –the entire assembled product can instead be cloned

BIG QUESTIONS:


1. Explain briefly about component oriented programming
Problems of asynchrony
Multithreading
Leaning from circuit design
Nutshell classes
Language support
Caller encapsulation
2. Explain about component framework
Component framework verses connectors
Component framework verses metaprogramming
Component framework verses aspect-oriented programming
3. Explain about black box and OLE
Direct-to-COM
Black box components
OLE
4. Explain the tools that are used in components
Component design and implementation tools
Component testing tools
Component assembly tools
5. Explain briefly the cross development environment
Portos IDE
IDE with black box
Cross-development tools